redundancy

英 [rɪ'dʌnd(ə)nsɪ] 美[rɪ'dʌndənsi]

• n. [计][数] 冗余（等于redundance）；裁员；人浮于事

1. repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmission

2. the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded;

"the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers"

3. (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails

4. repetition of an act needlessly